Criminal Conspiracy

Criminal conspiracy is made out once two or more persons agree to carry out an unlawful act (or a lawful act by unlawful means) — the agreement itself is generally what completes the offence, even if the underlying act is never actually carried out.

Because a secret agreement is hard to prove directly, courts often rely on circumstantial evidence — the conduct of the accused, communications between them, and the surrounding facts — to infer that a conspiracy existed.