Civil Law
Jurisdiction
The legal authority of a particular court to hear and decide a specific type of case, based on factors like subject matter, territory, and value of the claim.
A court must have jurisdiction over the subject matter (e.g., a Consumer Court over consumer disputes), the territory (typically where the defendant resides or the cause of action arose), and often the pecuniary value of the claim, before it can validly decide a case.
A decision passed by a court lacking jurisdiction can be challenged and set aside on that ground alone, regardless of how the case was decided on merits.
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