Criminal Law
Panchnama
A written record, prepared in the presence of independent witnesses, documenting facts observed by police during investigation, such as a seizure or scene inspection.
A panchnama is drawn up when police conduct a search, seizure, or inspection, recording exactly what was found or done, in the presence of independent local witnesses (panchas) who sign the document to lend it credibility.
It serves as important documentary evidence at trial, and its absence or irregularities in how it was prepared are commonly challenged by the defence.
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